How to Run for House of Representatives in California 2018

The The states Congress is the legislative branch of the federal authorities and consists of two houses: the lower house known equally the Firm of Representatives and the upper business firm known as the Senate. The words "Congress" and "Firm" are sometimes used colloquially to refer to the House of Representatives. There are 535 members of Congress: 100 senators and 435 representatives in the House.

Republicans currently control the Senate (54 to 44 Democrats) and the House (246 to 188).

Comparison nautical chart

Business firm of Representatives versus Senate comparing chart

	House of Representatives	Senate
Introduction	The U.s.a. House of Representatives is ane of the 2 houses of the United states Congress. It is oftentimes referred to equally the House.	The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States Congress.
Type	Lower house. Responds to the needs of the people faster since representatives only accept a ii year term. Laws dealing with acquirement must start in the House.	Upper house. The half dozen year term means the Senate can be slower and consider the long-term furnishings of laws.
Seats	435 voting members, 6 non-voting members: 5 delegates, 1 resident commissioner	100
Seats apportioned	Based on the population of each state	Ii for each state
Length of term	two years. All 435 seats are upward for reelection every two years.	half dozen years. Here there is a continuous body idea. Only ane/3 of the senate seats are elected every two years. And then but 34 or 33 senators are upwards for ballot at one time.
Term limits	None	None
Leadership	Nancy Pelosi (D) (Speaker); elected past the House of Representatives.	The President of the Senate [currently Kamala Harris (D) but votes in case of a necktie. When he or she is not bachelor, the President pro tempore, a senator elected by the Senate [currently Patrick Leahy (D)] takes over on his behalf.
Bulk Leader	Steny Hoyer (D)	Chuck Schumer (D)
Minority Leader	Kevin McCarthy (R)	Mitch McConnell (R)
Majority Whip	James Clyburn (D)	John Thune (R)
Minority Whip	Steve Scalise (R)	Dick Durbin (D)
Political groups	Democratic (219), Republican (211), 5 vacant seats	Republican (48), Autonomous (48), Independent (two)
Voting system	Beginning-past-the-post	Kickoff-past-the-post
History	Based on Virginia Plan	Based on New Bailiwick of jersey Program

Size of Senate vs. Business firm

While there are 100 seats in the Senate (two senators from each land), there are 435 seats in the House of Representatives (i representative from each of the various congressional districts, with the number of congressional districts in each state determined by the population).

The Reapportionment Deed of 1929 set the final number of the Firm at the current 435, with commune sizes adjusted according to population growth. All the same, as commune borders were never defined definitively, they can and oft exercise stretch into peculiar shapes due to a practise known every bit gerrymandering.

Gerrymandering is used at the country legislature level to create districts that overwhelmingly favor one party. Federal and Supreme Court rulings accept overturned gerrymandering efforts that have been perceived to be based on race, only otherwise some districts have been reconfigured to give 1 or another party an extreme political reward, thus allowing that political party to secure more than ability in the state and in the House of Representatives.

A line graph showing which political parties have controlled the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate over the years. Click to enlarge.

Roles of Representatives and Senators

The Business firm plays a major function in regime, mainly that of initiating all revenue-based legislation. Whatsoever proposal to raise taxes must come up from the House, with Senate review and approving. The Senate, on the other hand, has sole power of approval on strange treaties and chiffonier and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Courtroom.

In cases of impeachment (e.g., Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Pecker Clinton in 1998), the House determines if charges can be brought against the official, and a simple majority vote approves or rejects the filing of charges (the impeachment process). If approved, the Senate then serves as the investigative/judicial body to determine if the charges merit removing the accused official from his or her office. However, the vote in the Senate has to represent "a meaning bulk," unremarkably taken to mean 67 of the 100 votes.

Members of Congress are deemed to be "across the power of arrest" while in part, except in cases of treason, murder, or fraud. This stipulation has been used by representatives and senators to avert subpoenas and other judicial procedures. A senator can waive the privilege at any time, only a member of the Firm has to submit his or her petition to a general vote. If a simple majority approves, the privilege can be waived.

Congress has the power to subpoena any citizen. Noncompliance with a congressional subpoena can carry up to a 1-yr jail sentence. The instance is heard in a judicial forum, and punishment (a sentence) for those found guilty of "contempt of Congress" is handled strictly by the judicial organisation.

The succession order in the federal government is president, vice president and then Speaker of the House, the leader of the representatives. The vice president is considered the "president" of the Senate, though he or she is not required or even expected to attend most Senate sessions. The Senate elects a "President Pro Tempore," often the senior, or longest-serving, senator of the majority party, who is responsible for managing day-to-day business organisation.

Length of Terms

Senators are elected for a vi-twelvemonth term, but House representatives only have 2-yr terms earlier they need to seek reelection. Every member of the House is upwardly for election or reelection every ii years, but the Senate has a staggered system wherein only one-third of the Senators are upward for election or reelection every 2 years. It is possible for the House to change to a large extent (in terms of political party control) every two years, merely changes are slower in the Senate. In both chambers, incumbents have a great advantage over challengers, winning more than 90% of all contested races.

Qualifications

To be eligible as a representative, a person needs to be at least 25 years quondam at the fourth dimension of the election and take lived continuously in the U.S. for at least vii years. To become a senator, one must be at least xxx years former at the time of the election and have lived continuously in the U.S. for at to the lowest degree 9 years. It is not a requirement to be a natural-born citizen in lodge to become a member of Congress.

Committees

Nigh of Congress' work takes place in committees. Both the House and Senate have standing, special, conference, and joint committees.

Continuing committees are permanent and provide longer-serving members with power bases. In the House, key committees include Upkeep, Ways and Means, and Military machine, while the Senate has Appropriations, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary committees. (Some committees exist in both chambers, such as Budget, Armed Services, and Veterans Diplomacy.) Special committees are temporary, formed to investigate, clarify, and/or evaluate specific problems. Briefing committees are formed when legislation is approved in both the House and Senate; they finalize the language in legislation. Joint committees feature members of the House and Senate, with leadership of each committee alternate between members of each chamber.

Committees also take subcommittees, which are formed to focus more than closely on sure issues. Some have become permanent, simply most are formed for limited fourth dimension frames. Although useful for zeroing in on key bug, the proliferation of committees, and especially subcommittees, has decentralized the legislative process and significantly slowed it, making Congress less responsive to changing trends and needs.

Debating legislation has stricter rules in the House than in the Senate, applicable at both the committee and whole-body levels. In the Firm, contend time is restricted and topics are set beforehand, with discussions limited to the agenda. In the Senate, the tactic called filibustering is allowed. One time the flooring is ceded to a senator, he or she can speak for equally long every bit the senator chooses, on any topic; no other business can be transacted while the person speaks. A filibuster is used to cake potential legislation or Senate decisions until a favorable vote tin be called. This has resulted in sometimes comically absurd efforts on the role of senators. For example, during a 2013 delay over the Affordable Care Act, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) read from Green Eggs and Ham.

Origins of House and Senate

In general, the House represents the population, while the Senate represents a "landed/big belongings" populace. In colonial times, the proposed "legislative torso" had two models. The Virginia Program, endorsed by Thomas Jefferson, created a grouping of representatives based on population sizes, so that more than populous states would have a greater voice in legislative bug. Opposing it was the New Jersey Plan that limited each state to the same number of representatives; the program suggested that in that location be something between ii to v representatives per state. The New Jersey Plan was criticized for property larger states "hostage" to smaller states, as each would have the same ability base. This article in The New Yorker dissects information technology well:

James Madison and Alexander Hamilton absolutely hated the idea that each land should be entitled to the same number of senators regardless of size. Hamilton was withering on the topic. "Equally states are a collection of private men," he harangued his fellow-delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, "which ought nosotros to respect most, the rights of the people composing them, or of the artificial beings resulting from the composition? Nothing could be more preposterous or cool than to sacrifice the old to the latter."

Per the Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the United states of america adopted the bicameral arrangement of the English Parliament (i.e., Firm of Lords and House of Commons). The compromise was between the Virginia program (small state) and the New Jersey proposal (large state), two competing ideas on whether each country should become equal representation in the federal government or whether representation should exist based on population. The compromise established that representatives in the lower firm (Business firm of Representatives) volition be based on a population number (called a "district") while the upper firm (Senate) would contain two representative from each state. It was also decided that all classes would be eligible to become senators, subject to age and residency restrictions.

References

• Congress.gov
• The Organization of Congress - Cliff Notes
• Wikipedia: United States House of Representatives
• Wikipedia: The states Senate
• Wikipedia: Structure of the United States Congress

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